In this chapter, Petr Havlik presents the challenges with respect to climate change mitigation in the agricultural sector. Agriculture and land use must reduce direct emissions from agriculture, reduce emissions related to land-use change due to agricultural expansion, and reduce emissions through biomass production for energy use. The major sources of emissions are methane from ruminant animals and rice cultivation, and from nitrogen application to soils. Professor Havlik runs though technical and structural adjustments, as well as ways to close efficiency gaps across production systems to reduce emissions, while also asking consumers to contribute to the overall challenge.
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